↑ Sidawy, Anton (2019). Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, Inc. tr. 34–48. ISBN9780323427913.
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↑ Sen MD, Surjya; Nunes Chini MD Phd, Eduardo; Brown MD, Michael J. (tháng 6 năm 2005). “Complications After Unintentional Intra-arterial Injection of Drugs: Risks, Outcomes, and Management Strategies” (Online archive of Volume 80, Issue 6, Pages 783–795, June 2005 Mayo Clinic Proceedings). Mayo Clinic Proceedings. MAYO Clinic. 80 (6): 783–95. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61533-4. PMID15945530. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 8 năm 2014. Unintentional intra-arterial injection of medication, either iatrogenic or self-administered, is a source of considerable morbidity. Normal vascular anatomical proximity, aberrant vasculature, procedurally difficult situations, and medical personnel error all contribute to unintentional cannulation of arteries in an attempt to achieve intravenous access. Delivery of certain medications via arterial access has led to clinically important sequelae, including paresthesias, severe pain, motor dysfunction, compartment syndrome, gangrene, and limb loss. We comprehensively review the current literature, highlighting available information on risk factors, symptoms, pathogenesis, sequelae, and management strategies for unintentional intra-arterial injection. We believe that all physicians and ancillary personnel who administer intravenous therapies should be aware of this serious problem.
↑ Shakespeare, William. Hamlet Complete, Authoritative Text with Biographical and Historical Contexts, Critical History, and Essays from Five Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1994. pg. 50.
